Preamble 1  -             THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872

Part 1  -             RELEVANCY OF FACTS

Chapter 1  -             PRELIMINARY

Section 1  -             Short title, extent and Commencement

Section 2  -             Repeal of enactments

Section 3  -             Interpretation clause

Section 4  -             May presume, Shall presume, Conclusive proof

Chapter 2  -             OF THE RELEVANCY OF FACTS

Section 5  -             Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts

Section 6  -             Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction

Section 7  -             Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue

Section 8  -             Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct

Section 9  -             Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts

Section 10  -             Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design

Section 11  -             When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant

Section 12  -             In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant

Section 13  -             Facts relevant when right or custom is in question

Section 14  -             Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling

Section 15  -             Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional

Section 16  -             Existence of course of business when relevant

Section 17 to 31  -             Admissions

Section 17  -             Admission defined

Section 18  -             Admission by party to proceeding or his agent by suitor in representative character

Section 19  -             Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 20  -             Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 21  -             Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf

Section 22  -             When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 22A  -             When oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant

Section 23  -             Admissions in civil cases, when relevant

Section 24  -             Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 25  -             Confession to police officer not to be proved

Section 26  -             Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him

Section 27  -             How much of information received from accused may be proved

Section 28  -             Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise relevant

Section 29  -             Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc

Section 30  -             Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence

Section 31  -             Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop

Section 32 to 33  -             Statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses

Section 32  -             Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant

Section 33  -             Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated

Section 34 to 38  -             Statements made under special circumstances

Section 34  -             Entries in books of account including those maintained in an electronic form when relevant

Section 35  -             Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty

Section 36  -             Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans

Section 37  -             Relevancy of statement as to fact to public nature, contained in certain Acts or notifications

Section 38  -             Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books

Section 39  -             What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers

Section 40 to 44  -             Judgments of Courts of justice, when relevant

Section 40  -             Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial

Section 41  -             Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction

Section 42  -             Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 41

Section 43  -             Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40 to 42, when relevant

Section 44  -             Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved

Section 45 to 51  -             Opinions of third persons when relevant

Section 45  -             Opinions of experts

Section 45A  -             Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence

Section 46  -             Facts bearing upon opinions of experts

Section 47  -             Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant

Section 47A  -             Opinion as to electronic signature when relevant

Section 48  -             Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant

Section 49  -             Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant

Section 50  -             Opinion on relationship, when relevant

Section 51  -             Grounds of opinion, when relevant

Section 52 to 55  -             Character when relevant

Section 52  -             In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant

Section 53  -             In criminal cases, previous good character relevant

Section 53A  -             Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases

Section 54  -             Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply

Section 55  -             Character as affecting damages

Part 2  -             ON PROOF

Chapter 3  -             FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE PROVED

Section 56  -             Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved

Section 57  -             Facts of which Court must take judicial notice

Section 58  -             Facts admitted need not be proved

Chapter 4  -             OF ORAL EVIDENCE

Section 59  -             Proof of facts by oral evidence

Section 60  -             Oral evidence must be direct

Chapter 5  -             OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Section 61  -             Proof of contents of documents

Section 62  -             Primary evidence

Section 63  -             Secondary evidence

Section 64  -             Proof of documents by primary evidence

Section 65  -             Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given

Section 65A  -             Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record

Section 65B  -             Admissibility of electronic records

Section 66  -             Rules as to notice to produce

Section 67  -             Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced

Section 67A  -             Proof as to electronic signature

Section 68  -             Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested

Section 69  -             Proof where no attesting witness found

Section 70  -             Admission of execution by party to attested document

Section 71  -             Proof when attesting witness denies the execution

Section 72  -             Proof of document not required by law to be attested

Section 73  -             Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved

Section 73A  -             Proof as to verification of digital signature

Section 74 to 78  -             Public Documents

Section 74  -             Public documents

Section 75  -             Private documents

Section 76  -             Certified copies of public documents

Section 77  -             Proof of documents by production of certified copies

Section 78  -             Proof of other official documents

Section 79 to 90A  -             Presumptions as to documents

Section 79  -             Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies

Section 80  -             Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence

Section 81  -             Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents

Section 81A  -             Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms

Section 82  -             Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature

Section 83  -             Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government

Section 84  -             Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions

Section 85  -             Presumption as to power-of-attorney

Section 85A  -             Presumption as to electronic agreements

Section 85B  -             Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures

Section 85C  -             Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates

Section 86  -             Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records

Section 87  -             Presumption as to books, maps and charts

Section 88  -             Presumption as to telegraphic messages

Section 88A  -             Presumption as to electronic messages

Section 89  -             Presumption as to due execution, etc. of documents not produced

Section 90  -             Presumption as to documents thirty years old

Section 90A  -             Presumption as to electronic records five years old

Chapter 6  -             OF THE EXCLUSION OF ORAL OR DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Section 91  -             Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document

Section 92  -             Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement

Section 93  -             Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document

Section 94  -             Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts

Section 95  -             Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts

Section 96  -             Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons

Section 97  -             Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies

Section 98  -             Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc

Section 99  -             Who may give evidence of agreement varying term of document

Section 100  -             Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills

Part 3  -             PRODUCTION AND EFFECT OF EVIDENCE

Chapter 7  -             OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF

Section 101  -             Burden of proof

Section 102  -             On whom burden of proof lies

Section 103  -             Burden of proof as to particular fact

Section 104  -             Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible

Section 105  -             Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions

Section 106  -             Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge

Section 107  -             Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years

Section 108  -             Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years

Section 109  -             Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent

Section 110  -             Burden of proof as to ownership

Section 111  -             Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence

Section 111A  -             Presumption as to certain offences

Section 112  -             Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy

Section 113  -             Proof of cession of territory

Section 113A  -             Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman

Section 113B  -             Presumption as to dowry death

Section 114  -             Court may presume existence of certain facts

Section 114A  -             Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape

Chapter 8  -             ESTOPPEL

Section 115  -             Estoppel

Section 116  -             Estoppel of tenant; and of licensee of person in possession

Section 117  -             Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee

Chapter 9  -             OF WITNESSES

Section 118  -             Who may testify

Section 119  -             Witness unable to communicate verbally

Section 120  -             Parties to civil suit, and their wives or husbands. Husband or wife of person under criminal trial

Section 121  -             Judges and Magistrates

Section 122  -             Communications during marriage

Section 123  -             Evidence as to affairs of State

Section 124  -             Official communications

Section 125  -             Information as to commission of offences

Section 126  -             Professional communications

Section 127  -             Section 126 to apply to interpreters, etc

Section 128  -             Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence

Section 129  -             Confidential communications with legal advisers

Section 130  -             Production of title-deeds of witness not a party

Section 131  -             Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce

Section 132  -             Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate

Section 133  -             Accomplice

Section 134  -             Number of witnesses

Chapter 10  -             OF THE EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES

Section 135  -             Order of production and examination of witnesses

Section 136  -             Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence

Section 137  -             Examination-in-chief

Section 138  -             Order of examinations

Section 139  -             Cross-examination of person called to produce a document

Section 140  -             Witnesses to character

Section 141  -             Leading questions

Section 142  -             When they must not be asked

Section 143  -             When they may be asked

Section 144  -             Evidence as to matters in writing

Section 145  -             Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing

Section 146  -             Questions lawful in cross-examination

Section 147  -             When witness to be compelled to answer

Section 148  -             Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer

Section 149  -             Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds

Section 150  -             Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds

Section 151  -             Indecent and scandalous questions

Section 152  -             Questions intended to insult or annoy

Section 153  -             Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity

Section 154  -             Question by party to his own witness

Section 155  -             Impeaching credit of witness

Section 156  -             Question tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible

Section 157  -             Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact

Section 158  -             What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33

Section 159  -             Refreshing memory

Section 160  -             Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159

Section 161  -             Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory

Section 162  -             Production of documents

Section 163  -             Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice

Section 164  -             Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice

Section 165  -             Judge's power to put questions or order production

Section 166  -             Power of jury or assessors to put questions

Chapter 11  -             OF IMPROPER ADMISSION AND REJECTION OF EVIDENCE

Section 167  -             No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence

Schedule   -             SCHEDULE [REPEALED]

Amending Act 1  -             INDIAN EVIDENCE (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2002